Updated 9/7/2021
In addition to my blog posts here and the InfoStrat white paper. I would like to highlight some of the posts from others in the community.
Robert R. Freeman, in his blog post CRM and xRM vs SharePoint: Business Solution Architecture, offers characterizations of both Dynamics CRM and SharePoint, and leans toward SharePoint for general purpose office solutions but CRM when CRM-specific functionality such as email outreach or contact management are required.
The SharePoint Blog post Compare Microsoft CRM vs Microsoft SharePoint written by Scott Mangelson similarly calls out SharePoint for portals and unstructured data and CRM for front office business processes based on structured data. This post is repeated nearly verbatim on the CRM Software Blog as Microsoft CRM vs. SharePoint: Why One Over the Other?.
Another post on the CRM Software Blog Microsoft Dynamics CRM and SharePoint focuses on the benefits of integrating SharePoint with Dynamics CRM. An older post on integrating SharePoint and Dynamics CRM appeared on CRM Solution Comparison with the title Microsoft Dynamics CRM vs SharePoint. It includes this video which speaks to choosing between SharePoint and Dynamics CRM.
To read more, see the InfoStrat white paper.